HTML
- The head element contains information about the webpage.
- The body element represents the visible content shown to the user.
- The footer element will be at the bottom of the page and usually contains the author, copyright, contact, sitemap, and navigation.
- Semantic HTML Elements: the name of the element describes its content and the role it plays on a webpage.
- Element: Refers to the entirety of the open tag, contents, and closing tag.
- Tag: The descriptor between angle brackets that informs the browser and/or programmer of the type of content
- <div>: Creates a division in the page - not a semantic element
- <span>: Creates an inline division - not a semantic element
CSS
- Cascading Style Sheet: Programming language used by developers to define how webpage content is presented to users
- Inline CSS: Used when a developer wants to style an element directly in the HTML tag using a style attribute. Less flexible than external and internal style sheets because each inline style must be edited individually whenever you make a design change. EX: <h1 style="color:red;">
- Internal CSS: Embed an entire stylesheet directly in the HTML file using a <style> element in the <head> element. The rules only apply to that page but can be used to apply to all elements of the page with corresponding CSS classes and IDs.
- External CSS: Most common method of styling a webpage. This method allows developers to keep all their CSS rules in a separate file, which makes design changes easier. Used by linking the stylesheet with the <link> element placed in the HTML's <head>
- Separation of Concerns: Term used to describe separating code into different files based on use. Operates on the principle that each section of code should have its own responsibility.
- Margin: Indicates how much space we want around the outside of an element.
- Padding: adds space around the content inside an element. Increasing padding actually makes the element bigger.
- * Selector: A special wild card symbol that declares the following styles will be applied to all elements of the page.
- Two or more elements that will share the same styling can be grouped together with the use of a comma before adding the CSS rule. This reduces repetition and the use of too many lines of code to achieve the same result.
- DRY: Don't Repeat Yourself. Coding principle that encourages developers to reuse or share pieces of code in order to reduce the number of lines of code that need to be written or maintained. DRY can greatly reduce the overall size and complexity of a codebase.
Git
- git status: checks what branch we are currently on and informs us of any modifications yet to be committed
- git checkout branch-name: switches to existing branch
- git checkout -b branch-name: creates a new branch and switches to it
- git add -A: "add" command adds modifications in the current working branch to the staging area while the "-A" flag indicates we want to add all changes
- git commit -m "insert commit message": commits our changes to our repository with brief description of what was changed
JavaScript
- JavaScript (JS) is a high-level dynamic programming language that allows users to interact with websites.
- Variable: A named container that allows us to store data in our code
- To declare a variable in JS we use the "var" keyword followed by the name we choose for the variable
- console.log: Console refers to a test environment that developers use to check out their code. .log() is a method, or set of instructions that can be executed by a computer, which will output whatever we add inside the parentheses to the console.
- A function is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a certain task
- Control flow is the order in which a computer executes code in a script.